The evacuation hospitals of Mordovia during the great Patriotic war

09.05.2019 | Number of views: 7060

The great Patriotic war from the first hours showed how incredibly quickly the question arose of providing for the sick and wounded of the commanders and soldiers of the red Army timely and qualified medical assistance.

The situation was complicated by the fact that many hospitals were in the rear of the enemy or were destroyed, so was evacuated to the interior of the country.

According to the archives on the territory of Mordovia during the great Patriotic war, planned to deploy 14 evacuation hospitals, but in fact, by the end of 1941, early 1942 and was deployed 13 of these institutions; 5 of them in the city of Saransk. The remaining in the regional centers: Kovylkino, Ichalka, Zubova Polyana, Insar, Romodanovo, Torbeyevo. Under the evacuation hospitals in the city of Saransk was assigned to the best schools, hospitals, government agencies, hotels. In areas, whenever possible, took the best room.

Since the beginning of August 1941, the evacuation hospitals of Mordovia has started to receive its first wounded. Recovery work was not easy. It occurs at any time and in any weather.

Unloading and distribution of the wounded in the city was engaged in EG No. 3050 (Republican hospital), to which was attached a permanent road. Seriously ill with bone fractures, penetrating wounds of the abdomen, chest and skull during transport is subjected to strong shaking, causing intense pain that was uncomfortable for the wounded coming from the front.

Along with trains in Saransk came evacuated doctors, nurses, as on the eve of the great Patriotic war in Mordovia were only 307 doctors that was 2.6 doctor for 10 thousand people and was clearly insufficient to ensure residents of the Republic of timely medical assistance.

In hospitals of Mordovia came a lot of nurses.

In the city of Saransk, the evacuation hospitals were located in buildings:

1. EG No. 1314 (School № 12, midwifery school)

2. EG No. 3052 (school No. 9 (1))

3. EG No. 3050 (Republican hospital).

4. EG No. 4662 (Hotel "Central", high school №14).

5. EG No. 3051 (Pedagogical Institute. A. I. Polezhaeva / MSU N. P. Ogarev, printing house).

Also in areas of the country:

7. EG No. 3053 – g. Ruzaevka;

8. EG No. 1632 – G. Insar;

9. Aigues № 1633 – Romodanovo;

10. EG No. 4576 – Torbeevo;

11. EG No. 1630 – Ichalki;

12. EG No. 3054 – Ardatov;

13. Aigues № 1629 – Kovylkino;

14. EG No. 1631 – Zubovo - Polyana.

Nine hospitals Mordovia had x-ray machines. The best way was put the x-ray service in an evacuation hospital No. 3051, what was not a small achievement of radiologist A. L. Taubkin. To the credit of the Cabinet need to include the fact that all therapeutic patients was made x-rays of the chest, which gave the opportunity to detect TB disease. Most hospitals have physiotherapy units.

In September 1941, the hospitals were transferred to the jurisdiction of the people's Commissariat of health MASSR, where a special Department was created hospitals, the head of which was appointed distinguished physician of the RSFSR, the surgeon Peter V. Gorbatov, who previously worked as the chief doctor of the district hospital Shiringushi. At the beginning of the work of the hospitals wore a surgical nature. And later appeared specialized departments: therapeutic, ophthalmic, neurosurgical, and others, that contributed to a significant increase in the quality of care soldiers and commanders who are in the hospitals.In the hospital № 3051(building of the 1st corps of the University. N. P.HoundVA) practiced operating under the screen. It worked doctor-Intern neurosurgical Department Kotlyar Forum Isaakovna, dentist Maria A. Kuznetsova, nurses, Popova E. A., Rudakova N. And. and others.

In an evacuation Hospital No. 4662 (600 beds), which was placed at the hotel "Central" where it was openly a specialized eye Department, head of the medical unit EG No. 4662 was Fanesi Victor. He was born in 1895 in Hungary. Nationality Hungarian-Magyars. During the first world war, was taken prisoner and remained in Russia.

Lived in Krasnoyarsk. In the early 30-ies of the last century the family moved to Mordovia, in the village of Lada Ichalkovsky district. There, Victor worked as the doctor. In 1937 Fanesi was arrested. His wife and children moved to Saransk, where they were sheltered by kind people. He was soon released, and he continued the work of the chief physician at the maternity hospital, Saransk. After the war Victor Finese worked in the cancer center. He died in 1966.

The evacuation hospitals of the Republic of Mordovia is carried out extensive scientific work. Has been found a unique photograph: the doctor Genesi Victor with the Heroes of the Soviet Union Vladimir Ignatyevich Strelchenko (harvest. the city of Saransk) and Alexei N. Deryabin (harvest. S. Femalemuscle district), which was treated in EG No. 4662.

From left to right: hero of the Soviet Union V. I. Strelchenko, doctor of the EGO No. 4662 V. Fanesi, hero of the Soviet Union A. N. Deryabin

Appreciation for the work of the nurses gave the wounded and sick soldiers who were on treatment in the evacuation hospital in Mordovia Republic, evidenced by letters from soldiers doctors. Their healing Bomost role played and donors who gave their blood gratis.

Over all hospitals of the Republic of Mordovia was established patronage of public organizations, industrial enterprises and collective farms. Comprehensive assistance was provided his patronage to the hospital 3050,which was located in the building of the Republican hospital, the staff of the cannery. Factory workers, servants washed clothes for the hospital, on their own organized concerts. 15 best Komsomol cannery nursed wounded soldiers and commanders.

Great organizational work at the canning plant for the patronage over the hospitals conducted Genesi wife of Viktor Viktorovich, assistant, head of the medical center Aleksandra Ivanovna.She organized the sanitary squad at the plant, which was involved in the unloading of the trains with the wounded, care for the wounded and sick, organized the collection of gifts for soldiers. Subsequently, she was awarded "excellence in health service".

Evacuees from the Western regions gradually settled in shared apartments and private homes of residents of the city of Saransk. Wounded soldiers and officers were warmly met by the local population.

The hospitals came to heal the wounded natives of different regions and cities. They visited local residents, brought them gifts: carefully embroidered handkerchiefs, pouches for tobacco, pies, homemade cakes, nuts, recruited in the surrounding woods.

By the beginning of 1943, many hospitals Mordovia Republic was disbanded; mainly the elimination of the district was subjected to the evacuation hospitals. The curtailment occurred as of the release of their wounded. Thus in the first place has closed down hospitals located in the worst buildings and located away from Railways. In order to accelerate the dissolution and coagulation (in coordination with local evacuation point) was made the transfer of the wounded from the hospital to be disposed of into an existing hospital Sarahour home town and Ruzayevka.

Medical, care population, good care and good nutrition helped faster healing wounded soldiers. The system has returned more than 80% of patients treated in hospitals of the Republic.

During the war with orders and medals of the Soviet Union was awarded the 110 doctors, nurses and paramedics of our Republic.

Unfortunately, there were a lot of cases where medicine has proved powerless. On the Western outskirts of Saransk be in memorial cemetery, buried here died of wounds in the evacuation hospital of the city participants of the great Patriotic war. The eternal flame - a monument "Grieving mother". The authors of the monument sculptor, participant of the great Patriotic war, Nikolai Kondratiev, the architect Peter p. Danilenko.

Every year on Victory Day, 9 may, thousands of citizens come here with flowers to honor the memory of fathers and grandfathers, all who gave their lives for their country, for us living today.

Researcher MMWIP 1941-1945.

Zabnenkova Olesya Viktorovna.